2. Past Tense
Simple Past: Describes completed actions in the past.
Past Continuous (Progressive): Describes actions ongoing at a specific time in the past.
Past Perfect: Describes an action completed before another action in the past.
Past Perfect Continuous: Describes an action that had been ongoing in the past until a specific point.
2.Indicative Past Tense
2.1 Transitive Verbs + ने (ne)
In the simple past tense, transitive verbs require the subject to be marked with "ने/ne", and the verb agrees with the object in gender and number.
2.1.1 लड़के ने चाय पी.
laDake ne chaay pii.
(The boy drank tea.)
2.1.2 कमला ने आम खाया.
Kamla ne aam khaayaa.
(Kamla ate a mango.)
2.1.3 लड़कों ने आम खाए.
laDakon ne aam khaaye.
(The boys ate mangoes.)
2.2 Intransitive Verbs (- "ने/ne")
In case of intransitive verbs, the subject takes no postposition of "ने/ne", and the verb agrees directly with the subject in gender and number.
2.2.1 राम आया.
Ram aayaa.
(Ram came.)
2.2.2 लड़के दौड़े.
LaDake dauDe.
(The boys ran.)
2.2.3 फल गिरा।
phal giraa.
(The fruit fell.)
2.5 Habitual Past
The Habitual Past represents an action as habitually or regularly done in the past.
2.5.1 मैं स्कूल जाता था.
mein school paataa thaa.
( I used to go to school.)
2.5.2 हम रोज़ क्रिकेट खेलते थे.
ham roz cricket khelate the.
( We used to play cricket everyday