2. Simple Past Tense
Simple Past: It is a verb tense used to describe actions or states that happened and were completed in the past. It's formed using आ/ या/ ई/ ईं / ए "aa/yaa/ii/iin/ e/ye followed by the base form of the main verb in Hindi and English according to the subject of its Person/Gender/Number.
2.1 Transitive Verbs + ने (ne)
In the simple past tense, transitive verbs require the subject to be marked with "ने/ne", and the verb agrees with the object in gender and number.
2.1.1 लड़के ने चाय पी.
laDake ne chaay pii.
(The boy drank tea.)
2.1.2 कमला ने आम खाया.
Kamla ne aam khaayaa.
(Kamla ate a mango.)
2.1.3 लड़कों ने आम खाए.
laDakon ne aam khaaye.
(The boys ate mangoes.)
2.2 Intransitive Verbs (- "ने/ne")
In case of intransitive verbs, the subject takes no postposition of "ने/ne", and the verb agrees directly with the subject in gender and number.
2.2.1 राम आया.
Ram aayaa.
(Ram came.)
2.2.2 लड़के दौड़े.
LaDake dauDe.
(The boys ran.)
2.2.3 फल गिरा।
phal giraa.
(The fruit fell.)
2.5 Habitual Past
The Habitual Past represents an action as habitually or regularly done in the past.
2.5.1 मैं स्कूल जाता था.
mein school paataa thaa.
( I used to go to school.)
2.5.2 हम रोज़ क्रिकेट खेलते थे.
ham roz cricket khelate the.
( We used to play cricket everyday
Examples
Edu26 इधर चला मैं उधर चला/ idhar chalaa main udhar chalaa
Edu71 सोमवार को हम मिले/somvaar ko ham mile
Edu17 अच्छा जी मैं हारी/ achha ji main haari
Edu37 Kids 3 चुन चुन करती आई चिड़िया/chun chun karti aayi chidiya
Edu42 Kids 5 नाव चली /naav chali
Edu59 चाँद ने कुछ कहा, रात ने कुछ सुना/chaand ne kuchh kahaa, raat ne kuchh sunaa
Edu09 एक लड़की को देखा तो ऐसा लगा /Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Lagaa
Edu13 सुहानी रात ढल चुकी / Suhani Raat Dhal Chuki
The present perfect tense is a verb that connects the past and the present. It's used to describe actions that started in the past and either continue to the present or are relevant to the present. It's formed using "है/ हैं/ हो / (hai/ hain/ho) + past participle of the verb.
Past perfect/ Transitive +ne
राम ने किताब पढ़ी है.
Ram ne kitaab paDhii hai.
(Ram has read the book)
कमला ने फल खाया है.
Kamla ne phal khaayaa hai.
(Kamla has eaten the fruit)
Past perfect/ Intransitive -ne
भाई सो गया है.
bhaaii so gayaa hai.
(The brother has slept)
Simple past continuous tense
It describes an ongoing action in the past. It indicates that an action was in progress at a specific time or during a period in the past. It's formed using " रहा था/ रही थी/ रहे थे/रहीं थीं/was ing/were ing” preceded by the base form of the main verb in Hindi and English according to the subject of its Person/Gender/Number.
The past perfect tense indicates an action completed before another action in the past. It's formed by combining था,थे,थी,थीं (thaa,the, thii, thiin ) in Hindi according to the Gender and number of the object and using "had" + past participle of the verb in English.
Past perfect/ Transitive +ne
लड़के ने दूध पिया था.
laDake ne doodh piyaa thaa
(The boy had taken the milk)
लड़के ने चाय पी थी.
laDake ne chaay pii thii.
(The boy had taken the tea)
Past perfect/ Intransitive -ne